Coolsat 8000 Hd Open Firmware
Van deze originele firmware zijn er telkens een stuk of 5 teams die hier vrij snel na het verschijnen, aangepaste versies uitgeven. Enigma is een 'open' firmware. Hierin is zoveel mogelijk vrij aan te passen, maar niet echt alles. Dit is waar men direct aan denkt als er over een Linux firmware gesproken word. Enigma (1) ondersteunt maar 1 tuner.
Proprietary firmware is any firmware on which the producer has set restrictions on use, private modification, copying, or republishing.
Proprietors may enforce restrictions by technical means, such as by restricting source code access, firmware replacement restrictions (by denying complete tooling that may be necessary in order to recompile and replace the firmware), or by legal means, such as through copyright and patents.
Proprietary firmware may range from just a few kilobytes of microcode for a network interface controller[1] to megabytes of binaries for a wireless router. Custom firmware may still be available for certain products, which is often free and open-source software, and is especially popular in certain segments of the more powerful general-compute hardware like gaming consoles, wireless routers and Android phones, which are capable of running complete general-purpose operating systems like Linux, FreeBSD or NetBSD, which are often the systems used by the manufacturer in their original proprietary firmware.
Difficult to avoid
Proprietary firmware (and especially the microcode) is much more difficult to avoid than proprietary software or even proprietary device drivers, because the firmware is usually very specific to the manufacturer of each device (often being unique for each model), and the programming documentation and complete specifications that would be necessary to create a replacement are often withheld by the hardware manufacturer.[2]:… One potential solution is going with open-source hardware, which goes a step further by also providing schematics for replicating the hardware itself.
Even though both proprietary firmware and proprietary device drivers are shipped in binary form,[3]:… to be practical,[3]:… the branding 'binary blobs' is used only for the binary drivers.[4]:…
Distribution issues
Many open-source operating systems reluctantly have to include proprietary firmware files in their distributions simply to make their device drivers work,[3] because manufacturers try to save money by removing flash memory or EEPROM from their devices, requiring the operating system to upload the firmware each time the device is used.[5] However, in order to do so, the operating system still has to have distribution rights for this proprietary microcode.[5] If such distributions rights are not obtained, then the device will not work; this especially presents a chicken-and-egg issue with wireless network interface controllers from certain short-sighted manufacturers like Intel, which cannot be used until such files are somehow obtained first, which is difficult to accomplish when the wireless card doesn't work.[5][2]:…[6][7][1][8]
Security concerns
Proprietary firmware poses a significant security risk to the user, because of the direct memory access (DMA) architecture of modern computers, and the potential for DMA attacks. Theo de Raadt of OpenBSD suggests that wireless firmware are kept proprietary because of poor design quality, as well as firmware defects.[6][7]Mark Shuttleworth of Ubuntu Linux suggests that 'it's reasonable to assume that all firmware is a cesspool of insecurity courtesy of incompetence of the worst degree from manufacturers, and competence of the highest degree from a very wide range of such agencies'.[9]
However, the security and quality/reliability risks posed by proprietary microcode may be lower than those posed by proprietary device drivers, because the microcode in this context isn't linked against the operating system, and doesn't run on the host's main processor.[3]
Examples
- Breathalysers[10]
- Most BIOSes found in IBM-compatible Personal Computers;
- Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)[9]
- ARCS, used in computers from Silicon Graphics;
- Run-Time Abstraction Services (RTAS), used in computers from IBM;
- The iPod's control menus
- Cisco IOS.
- Wireless LAN infrastructure
- Microcode in wireless network interface controllers, video cards etc
See also
References
- ^ ab'/sys/dev/microcode/'. OpenBSD.
- ^ abJeremy Andrews (2005-03-08). 'Feature: OpenBSD's 'Out of the Box' Wireless Support'. KernelTrap.
- ^ abcdJeremy Andrews (2006-05-02). 'Interview: Theo de Raadt'. KernelTrap.
- ^Jeremy Andrews (2006-04-19). 'Interview: Jonathan Gray and Damien Bergamini'. KernelTrap.
Firmwares are not considered blobs and can be shipped with the base system (provided their license allows free redistribution). Firmwares execute on the device itself, meaning they are not tied to a particular OS, while blobs execute on the host CPU, most of the time inside the kernel.
- ^ abcJeremy Andrews (2004-11-02). 'Feature: OpenBSD Works To Open Wireless Chipsets'. KernelTrap.
- ^ abTheo de Raadt (2016-12-03). 'Page 13: The hardware: 802.11 wireless networking (more detail)'. Open Documentation for Hardware. OpenCON 2006, 2–3 December 2006. Courtyard Venice Airport, Venice/Tessera, Italy.
- ^ abConstantine A. Murenin (2006-12-10). 'Почему так важно иметь документацию по программированию железа'. Linux.org.ru (in Russian).
- ^'sysutils/firmware'. OpenBSD ports.
- ^ abMark Shuttleworth (2014-03-17). 'ACPI, firmware and your security'.
- ^'Drunk drivers granted access to breathalyser source code'. 2005-11-03.
coreboot, formerly known as LinuxBIOS, is a software project aimed at replacing proprietary firmware (BIOS or UEFI) found in most computers with a lightweight firmware designed to perform only the minimum number of tasks necessary to load and run a modern 32-bit or 64-bit operating system.
Since coreboot initializes the bare hardware, it must be ported to every chipset and motherboard that it supports. As a result, coreboot is available only for a limited number of hardware platforms and motherboard models.
One of the coreboot variants is Libreboot, a variant of coreboot aiming to be fully free of proprietary blobs.
EVO Smart ConsoleEVO Smart Console (originally called Evo: Phase One) is a media PC and video game console marketed in the seventh generation era, and produced by Envizions. The beta, called EVO: Phase One, was released on October 20, 2006, and the final product was released on November 20, 2008.
The system uses Linux software, which is built using the Fedora operating system. The system came bundled with three games: SuperTux, Kobo Deluxe, and Kid Destiny. The console also features high definition (HD), Internet access, and allows running Windows games. It also has a built-in 120 GB hard drive and 2 GB RAM.
Feature phoneFeature phone (known in popular culture as a dumbphone) is a term typically used to describe a class of mobile phones that are still technically otherwise smartphones, besides their lack of highly advanced hardware and capabilities of modern ones. Feature phones tend to use a proprietary software and user interface, and typically provide voice calling and text messaging functionality in addition to basic multimedia and Internet capabilities and other services offered by the user's wireless service provider. Feature phones have a backlit LCD screen and micro USB port and have a physical keyboard, a microphone, SD card slot, a rear-facing camera to record video and capture pictures; and GPS. Some feature phones include a rudimentary app store that include basic software such as mobile games, calendar and calculator programs.
FirmwareIn computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device's specific hardware. Firmware can either provide a standardized operating environment for the device's more complex software (allowing more hardware-independence), or, for less complex devices, act as the device's complete operating system, performing all control, monitoring and data manipulation functions. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems, consumer appliances, computers, computer peripherals, and others. Almost all electronic devices beyond the simplest contain some firmware.
Firmware is held in non-volatile memory devices such as ROM, EPROM, or flash memory. Changing the firmware of a device was rarely or never done during its lifetime in the past but is nowadays a common procedure; some firmware memory devices are permanently installed and cannot be changed after manufacture. Common reasons for updating firmware include fixing bugs or adding features to the device. This may require ROM integrated circuits to be physically replaced or flash memory to be reprogrammed through a special procedure. Firmware such as the ROM BIOS of a personal computer may contain only elementary basic functions of a device and may only provide services to higher-level software. Firmware such as the program of an embedded system may be the only program that will run on the system and provide all of its functions.
Before the inclusion of integrated circuits, other firmware devices included a discrete semiconductor diode matrix. The Apollo guidance computer had firmware consisting of a specially manufactured core memory plane, called 'core rope memory', where data was stored by physically threading wires through (1) or around (0) the core storing each data bit.
Coolsat 8000 Hd Open Firmware Free
FlashCPFlashCP is a copyright enforcement technology for the storage of electronic materials (e.g. e-books). Originally developed under the trademark 'BookLocker', SanDisk acquired the technology in 2005 with the purchase of Israeli-based privately held company 'MDRM'.FlashCP is primarily used on USB flash drives to provide students with storage capabilities of copyrighted material, while protecting the rights of the copyright holders. This is done through the use of Windows-based software that must be installed in order to use the FlashCP capability of the drive. The software interfaces with proprietary firmware in the flash drive. SanDisk manufactured a flash drive using the FlashCP technology, the 256MB Cruzer Freedom Drive.
FlashCP is also the name of an open-source computer program for writing to flash devices. It is part of the mtd-utils package, unrelated to the above, proprietary, closed source, Windows software.
GrmlGrml is an operating system based on Debian. It is designed to run mainly from a live CD, but can be made to run from a USB flash drive. Grml aims to be well-suited for system administrators (sysadmin) and other users of text tools. It includes an X Window System server and a few minimalist window managers such as wmii, Fluxbox, and openbox to use the graphical programs like Mozilla Firefox which are included in the distribution.
Intel Management EngineThe Intel Management Engine (ME), also known as the Manageability Engine, is an autonomous subsystem that has been incorporated in virtually all of Intel's processor chipsets since 2008. It is located in the Platform Controller Hub of modern Intel motherboards. It is a part of Intel Active Management Technology, which allows system administrators to perform tasks on the machine remotely. System administrators can use it to turn the computer on and off, and they can login remotely into the computer regardless of whether or not an operating system is installed.The Intel Management Engine always runs as long as the motherboard is receiving power, even when the computer is turned off.
The IME is an attractive target for hackers, since it has top level access to all devices and completely bypasses the operating system. Intel has not released much information on the Intel Management Engine, prompting speculation that it may include a backdoor. The Electronic Frontier Foundation has voiced concern about IME.
AMD processors have a similar feature, called AMD Secure Technology.
JXD 1000 is a handheld gaming console released by JXD in 2009. Its primary purpose is to play games originally intended for 3rd and 4th generation games consoles such as the NES and SNES, Sega Genesis and Game Boy range of handheld. It achieves this by running emulators, pieces of software written to mimic the hardware of the intended machine. It is also capable of playing some video files. The JXD 1000 houses a Sunplus 8000 series chipset and runs a proprietary firmware.
LibreCMCLibreCMC is a GNU/Linux-libre distribution for computers with minimal resources, such as the Ben NanoNote, ath9k-based Wi-Fi routers, and other hardware with emphasis on free software. The project's current goal is to aim for compliance with the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) and ensure that the project continues to meet these requirements set forth by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
Another project named LibreWRT was listed by the website prism-break.org as one of the alternatives to proprietary firmware. Initially developed as a case study, LibreWRT was merged to the libreCMC project in 2015.
Linux-libreLinux-libre () is an operating system kernel and a GNU package.The GNU Project attempts to keep Linux-libre in synchronization with upstream development of the Linux kernel while removing any software that does not include its source code, has its source code obfuscated, or is released under a proprietary license.
Software components with no available source code are called binary blobs and, as such, are mostly used for proprietary firmware images in the Linux kernel. While generally redistributable, binary blobs do not give the user the freedom to audit, modify or, consequently, redistribute their modified versions.
Proprietary device driverA proprietary device driver is a closed-source device driver published only in binary code. In the context of free and open-source software, a closed-source device driver is referred to as a blob:39 or binary blob. The term usually refers to a closed-source kernel module loaded into the kernel of an open-source operating system, and is sometimes also applied to code running outside the kernel, such as system firmware images, microcode updates, or userland programs. The term blob was first used in database management systems to describe a collection of binary data stored as a single entity.
When computer hardware vendors provide complete technical documentation for their products, operating system developers are able to write hardware device drivers to be included in the operating system kernels. However, some vendors, such as Nvidia, do not provide complete documentation for some of their products and instead provide binary-only drivers. This practice is most common for accelerated graphics drivers, wireless networking devices, and hardware RAID controllers. Most notably, binary blobs are very uncommon for non-wireless network interface controllers, which can almost always be configured via standard utilities (like ifconfig) out of the box; Theo de Raadt of OpenBSD attributes this to the work done by a single FreeBSD developer.
RAIDRAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks or Drives, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. This was in contrast to the previous concept of highly reliable mainframe disk drives referred to as 'single large expensive disk' (SLED).Data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways, referred to as RAID levels, depending on the required level of redundancy and performance. The different schemes, or data distribution layouts, are named by the word 'RAID' followed by a number, for example RAID 0 or RAID 1. Each scheme, or RAID level, provides a different balance among the key goals: reliability, availability, performance, and capacity. RAID levels greater than RAID 0 provide protection against unrecoverable sector read errors, as well as against failures of whole physical drives.
Replicant (operating system)Replicant is a free operating system (OS) based on the Android mobile platform that aims to replace all proprietary Android components with free-software counterparts. It is available for several smartphones and tablet computers. It is written in the same programming languages as Android (as it is forked from it, though indirectly), while the modifications are mostly in the C language, as the changes are mostly to the lower-level parts of the OS, such as the Linux kernel and drivers that use it.
The name Replicant is drawn from the fictional replicant androids in the Blade Runner movie. Replicant is sponsored and supported by the Free Software Foundation.
Sansa c200 seriesThe Sansa c200 series is a line of portable media players developed by SanDisk. The line consists of two models: the c240, 1 GB, the c250, 2 GB. Both models feature a micro SD card slot, a 1.4 inch LCD display, a built-in microphone, and an FM radio. c200 series players are available in four colors: black, red, pink, and blue.
Sansa e200 seriesThe Sansa e200 series is a portable media player developed by SanDisk, and released on January 5, 2006. The device is available in four capacities of Flash memory: 2 GB (e250), 4 GB (e260), 6 GB (e270), and 8 GB (e280). All players have a 1.8-inch, TFT LCD display with a resolution of 176 by 220 pixels. Certain files, if not in a format accepted by the player's original firmware, must first be converted with the Sansa Media Converter Windows software. This will convert images to bitmap format (.bmp) and videos to MJPEG (in a .mov container), for v1 models. On v2 players it will convert videos to DivX and simply resize images. It is not possible to simply copy videos to the device, even if they seem to be in the correct format; trying to access them displays an error message.
SeaBIOSSeaBIOS is an open-source implementation of a 16-bit x86 BIOS, serving as a freely available firmware for x86 systems. Aiming for compatibility, it supports standard BIOS features and calling interfaces that are implemented by a typical proprietary x86 BIOS. SeaBIOS can either run on bare hardware as a coreboot payload, or can be used directly in emulators such as QEMU and Bochs.
Initially, SeaBIOS was based on the open-source BIOS implementation included with the Bochs emulator. The project was created with intentions to allow native usage on x86 hardware, and to be based on an improved and more easily extendable internal source code implementation.
Security-focused operating systemThis is a list of operating systems specifically focused on security. General-purpose operating systems may be secure in practice, without being specifically 'security-focused'.
Similar concepts include security-evaluated operating systems that have achieved certification from an auditing organization, and trusted operating systems that provide sufficient support for multilevel security and evidence of correctness to meet a particular set of requirements.
The Cathedral and the BazaarThe Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (abbreviated CatB) is an essay, and later a book, by Eric S. Raymond on software engineering methods, based on his observations of the Linux kernel development process and his experiences managing an open source project, fetchmail. It examines the struggle between top-down and bottom-up design. The essay was first presented by the author at the Linux Kongress on May 27, 1997 in Würzburg (Germany) and was published as part of the book in 1999.
The illustration on the cover of the book is a 1913 painting by Liubov Popova titled Composition with Figures and belongs to the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery.
The book was released under the Open Publication License v2.0 around 1999.
USB dead dropA USB dead drop is a USB mass storage device installed in a public space. For example, a USB flash drive might be mounted in an outdoor brick wall and fixed in place with fast concrete. Members of the public are implicitly invited to find files, or leave files, on a dead drop by directly plugging their laptop into the wall-mounted USB stick in order to transfer data. (It is also possible to use smartphones and tablets for this purpose, by utilizing a USB on-the-go cable.) The dead drops can therefore be regarded as an anonymous, offline, peer-to-peer file sharing network. However, in practice USB dead drops are often used for social or artistic reasons, rather than for practical ones.
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Coolsat 8000 Hd Open Firmware Download
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